Distribution | Full List | Categories |
protein-based | nucleic-acid | viral-vector | virus | other |
Coronavirus proteins are injected directly into the body. Fragments of proteins or protein shells that mimic the coronavirus’s outer coat can also be used.
Two types of vaccines:
Protein subunits: Most of these vaccines are focusing on the virus’ spike protein, or a key part of it called the receptor binding domain. In order to work, these vaccines might require multiple doses and also adjuvants (immune-stimulating molecules delivered alongside the vaccine). Vaccines against the SARS virus have been developed in this way for protecting monkeys, but they haven’t been tested in people.
Virus-like particles: These vaccines use empty virus shells to mimic the coronavirus structure, but they aren’t infectious, as they lack genetic material. They can trigger a strong immune response, but can be difficult to manufacture.
vaccine | researcher | country | started |
EpiVacCorona | FBRI SRC VB VECTOR | Russia | March 2021 |
vaccine | researcher | country | started | people on trial |
Recomb. | Novavax | USA | May 6 2020 |
48035 @ Ph. 3 |
Protein subunit FR2 | Instituto Finlay de Vacunas | Cuba | Nov 2 2020 |
44960 @ Ph. 3 |
PD-VLP | Medicago | Canada | Jul 10 2020 |
31710 @ Ph. 2-3 |
RBD-Dimer | Anhui Zhifei Longcom Biopharma + Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences | China | Jun 22 2020 |
30216 @ Ph. 3 |
RBD | West China Hospital Sichuan University | China | Aug 28 2020 |
5128 @ Ph. 2 |
CpG 1018 | Medigen Vaccine Biologics Corp + NIAID | Taiwan + USA | Sep 01 2020 |
3745 @ Ph. 2 |
S protein | Sanofi Pasteur + GSK | France + UK | Sep 3 2020 |
1160 @ Ph. 2 |
eVLP | VBI Vaccines | USA + Canada | Feb 15 2021 |
780 @ Ph. 1-2 |
Protein subunit FR1 | Instituto Finlay de Vacunas | Cuba | Oct 19 2020 |
736 @ Ph. 1-2 |
Recomb. | Nanogen Pharma Biotech | Vietnam | Dec 10 2020 |
620 @ Ph. 1-2 |
RBD | Biological E | India | Nov 16 2020 |
360 @ Ph. 1-2 |
VLP | SpyBiotech + Serum Institute of India | UK + India | Aug 17 2020 |
280 @ Ph. 1-2 |
Recomb. | SK Bioscience | South Korea | Jan 20 2021 |
260 @ Ph. 1-2 |
RBD+alum | Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotech (CIGB) | Cuba | Dec 7 2020 |
212 @ Ph. 1-2 |
RBD | Kentucky BioProcess. (British American Tobacco) | USA | Jul 31 2020 |
180 @ Ph. 1-2 |
Trimeric S protein | Clover Biopharma | China | Jun 19 2020 |
150 @ Ph. 1 |
Recomb. | Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute | Iran | Jan 29 2021 |
133 @ Ph. 1 |
fusion protein | University Groningen + Akston Biosciences | Netherlands + USA | Jan 18 2021 |
130 @ Ph. 1-2 |
RBD+AgnHB | Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotech (CIGB) | Cuba | Dec 7 2020 |
88 @ Ph. 1-2 |
S protein | Adimmune | Taiwan | Aug 20 2020 |
70 @ Ph. 1 |
MVP | Covaxx + University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC) | USA | Sep 1 2020 |
60 @ Ph. 1 |
single-dose S protein | Vaxine + Flinders University | Australia + UK | Jun 30 2020 |
40 @ Ph. 1 |
single-dose peptides | University Hospital Tuebingen | Germany | Sep 30 2020 |
36 @ Ph. 1 |
S protein | Shionogi + UMN Pharma | Japan | 0 @ Ph. |
vaccine | researcher | country | started | human trials |
Spike protein | Axon Neuroscience | Slovakia | ||
Subunit | FBRI SRC VB VECTOR | Russia | ||
Peptide | Flow Pharma | USA | Apr 2020 |
|
gp-96 | Heat Biologics (Zolovax) | USA | Apr 2020 |
|
Protein subunit | IMV | Canada | Apr 2020 |
Q3 2020 |
VLP | Icosavax | USA | Oct 2020 |
|
Spike-based | Immuno Precise + LiteVax BV | Canada + Holland | Aug 2020 |
|
Protein subunit | InnoMedica | Switzerland | ||
Protein subunit | MOGAM Institute for Biomedical Research + GC Pharma | Korea | ||
Protein subunit | Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces | Germany | ||
oral | Migal Research Institute | Israel | Feb 2020 |
Q3 2020 |
Protein subunit | PDS Biotech | USA | ||
RBD | Saiba | Switzerland | Mar 2020 |
Aug 2020 |
CiVax | Soligenix + University of Hawaii at Manoa | USA | ||
Recomb. | Sorrento Tx | USA | Mar 2020 |
|
S protein | St. Petersburg Scientific Research Institute of Vaccines and Serums | Russia | Mar 2020 |
|
skin patch | University of Pittsburgh | USA | Mar 2020 |
Jun 2020 |
S protein | VIDO-InterVac | Canada | Apr 2020 |
Jan 2020 |
S protein | Vabiotech | Vietnam | May 2020 |
|
Peptide | Vaxil Bio | Israel | Mar 2020 |
|
S protein | Verndari + University of California Davis | USA | Apr 2020 |
|
S protein | WRAIR + USAMRIID | USA | Mar 2020 |
vaccine | researcher | country | animal trials |
human trials |
S protein | AJ Vaccines | Denmark | ||
eVLP | ARTES Biotech | Germany | ||
cVLP | AdaptVac (PREVENT-nCoV EU consortium) | Denmark + Netherlands + Germany | Q4 2020 |
|
S1 - Fc | AnyGo Technology | China | ||
Heat stable subunit | Applied Biotech Institute | USA | ||
S1 or RBD | Baylor College of Medicine | USA | ||
OMV | BiOMVis + University of Trento | Italy | ||
VLP | Doherty Institute | Australia | ||
S protein | EpiVax + University of Georgia | USA | ||
Ii-Key peptide | Generex + EpiVax | Canada + USA | ||
VLP | Imophoron + Bristol University | UK | ||
S protein | Innovax + Xiamen University | Netherlands + China + UK | ||
Nano particle | LakePharma | USA | ||
RBD-based | Neovii + Tel Aviv University | Switzerland + Israel | ||
VLP | OSIVAX | France | ||
S/M proteins | OncoGen | Romania | ||
VLP | Osaka University + BIKEN | Japan | ||
OMV | Quadram Institute Bioscience | UK | ||
S protein | Shionogi + NIID Japan | Japan | Dec 11 2020 |
|
Spike based | University of Alberta | Canada | ||
Plant virus | University of California San Diego | USA | ||
Dendritic cell-based | University of Manitoba | Canada | ||
VLPs | University of Sao Paulo | Brasil | ||
S protein | Yisheng Biopharma | China | ||
Plant produced | iBio + CC-Pharming | USA + China |